London has many museums, galleries, libraries and cultural venues, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library, and numerous West End theatres. Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, and Trafalgar Square. London has four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London Kew Gardens the combined Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church and also the historic settlement in Greenwich, where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the prime meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The London metropolitan area is the third-most populous in Europe with about 14 million inhabitants in 2016, granting London the status of a megacity. The Greater London Built-up Area is the fourth-most populous in Europe with about 9.8 million inhabitants at the 2011 census. The mid-2018 population of Greater London of about 9 million made it Europe's third-most populous city, accounting for 13.4% of the population of the United Kingdom and over 16% of the population of England. London's diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages. London is one of the most-visited cities in the world and is home to the most 5-star hotels of any city. London has the busiest city airport system in the world and the London Underground is the oldest rapid transit system in the world. With Europe's largest concentration of higher education institutions, it is home to some of the highest-ranked academic institutions in the world- Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London. As of 2021, London had the most millionaires of any city. Its GDP (€801.66 billion in 2017) makes it the largest urban economy in Europe, and it is one of the major financial centres in the world. Īs one of the world's major global cities, London exerts a strong influence on its arts, entertainment, fashion, commerce and finance, education, health care, media, science and technology, tourism, and transport and communications. Since the 19th century, the name 'London' has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains boundaries close to its medieval ones.

It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia.

London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just over 9 million.

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